Main Cause of the American Revolution free essay sample

The creation of all of these acts made the colonist furious, contributing to the cause of this Revolution. After many outbreaks between Parliament, the colonists seemed to find no changes regarding taxation, which started the American Revolution. We will write a custom essay sample on Main Cause of the American Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Stamp Act of 1 765 was a direct tax upon the American colonists, which placed taxes on all kinds of printed materials. The British Parliament positioned taxes on printed material such as newspapers, diplomas, pamphlets and others. The Parliament believed that taxing this printed material would be easy to collect and that it would be seen by the colonists as inexpensive.But little did they know it would be seen as the exact opposite through the colonists eyes. Shortly after, Protests began to occur against the Parliament. Colonists chanted, Taxation without Representation! numerous amounts of times in order to get their point across to the Parliament. These taxation added to the anger and frustration of the colonists, fueling the cause of the American Revolution. A man named Patrick Henry took initiative and stood up for the colonist due to the fact that he strongly believed that the taxation was wrong. Henry and the Massacre guests Assembly created an inter- colonial Stamp congress to fight against the direct taxation upon the colonists without asking for their consent. The colonists believed that the English Crown was denying their rights as English men, which led into a rebellion against the Stamp Act. When the ships arrived with the stamps, American colonists raided the ships and the stamps that were to be placed on the printed material were seized and destroyed. The direct taxation upon the printed materials caused the colonists to be angered, fueling the cause of theAmerican Revolution. The Sugar Act was an indirect tax that placed taxes on items such as sugar and coffee in 1764 and was one of the reasons behind the start of the American Revolution. This act was passed by Prime Minister, George Greenville with the idea to tax items that were imported into the colonies in large amounts. The Americans saw the Sugar Act as a direct tax due to the fact that they had to pay high pr ices for everyday materials. One Of the main problems that angered the colonists was that they felt as though they were taxed without any representation.The Association of the Sons of bribery in New York stated on December 15, 1773 that, It is essential to the freedom and security of a free people, that no taxes be imposed upon them but by their own consent, or their representation. The colonists despised the fact that Parliament dictated the laws in order the benefit from their taxes. The combination of both taxation without representation and the overly priced supplies led the colonists motivations and drive for a change in the way they were governed, eventually leading to the American Revolution.The Townsend Acts was an indirect taxation on imported materials such as glass, led, paper and the most important drink during that time, tea. This act was created by a man named Charles Townsend. In response to this taxation, the colonists boycotted the British Goods. By stimulating American manufacturing the colonists would still have access to the important supplies they needed from the imports. During the boycotts, the Massachusetts Legislature wrote the Circle Letter. This letter spread the idea to the other colonies that the Townsend Acts were violating the Constitutional rights of ACH individual person.In 1774, Reverend Benzene Baldwin stated, Charters taken away-?our assemblies annihilated,governors and councils, appointed by royal authority without any concurrence of the people, enacting such laws as their sovereign pleasure shall dictate Baldwin is saying that he believes that all the colonists should have some sort of representation within the government and should be able to have a say in the laws. . Samuel Adams also rebelled against the Townsend Acts by writing that Parliament had no right to create laws for the colonies under any circumstance.In response to the colonists actions, soon after the Massacre guests Legislature had been destroyed. The Colonists were becoming more and more aggravated with the Parliament and their lack to listen to their complaints. Parliament did not listen to the colonists and their ideas, therefore continuing to tax the colonists to gain more money for their English Crown. The colonists were very angry at the fact that the British Parliament ignored them, therefore being fed up with the lack of representation, resulting in the American Revolution.The main cause for the American Revolution generated off of the anger of the colonists because of the British Parliaments taxation upon goods and materials. The taxation of merchandise, both imported and exported, by the British Parliament, fueled the frustration between the colonists and the British Crown. The Stamp Act, Sugar Act and the Townsend Acts were all reasons why the colonists got so angered and started a Revolution. With their desire for a new government and the frustration towards the British, the Americans colonies turned their aggravation into the American Revolution.

Progressism vs. Populism essays

Progressism vs. Populism essays Americans were not aware of the division among populists and progressivists during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, yet they were aware of the division between Democrats and Republicans. Populism referred to a particular political style, which expressed alienation and aggression and tend to hate Wall Street and bank interests. Progressivism was a movement of the college-educated urban middle class, which valued expertise and efficiency and favored government regulation and foreign affairs. Populism, United States agrarian movement of the late 19th century that developed mainly in the area from Texas to the Dakotas and grew into a Farmer-Labor political coalition. The populist movement began during the economic depression of the 1870s, when there was a sharp decline in the income of farmers at a time when their living and operating costs were rising. The farmers began to organize early in the 1870s, and, during the ensuing two decades, large numbers of them joined such bodies as the National Grange and the Farmers' Alliances. The latter were cooperative organizations that hoped to lower farmers' costs by selling supplies at reduced prices, loaning money at rates below those charged by banks, building warehouses to store crops until prices became favorable, and taking political action to achieve these goals. Alliances were popular in the South, where many farmers existed in an almost endless cycle of debt. In some southern states, alliances even embraced black farmers, who had been ostracized from political life there since Reconstruction. By 1891 the movement had gained sufficient strength to warrant a national political party. The alliances joined with the Knights of Labor and other groups to form the People's Party, whose members were called Populists. The principal objectives of the Populists were the free coinage of silver and the issuance of large amounts of paper currency; such inflationary measures tended to rai...

The Origins of American Exceptionalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Origins of American Exceptionalism - Essay Example There are a number of arguments that have been developed that aims at explaining the history of the exceptionalism in America (Holland 53). Hector, a renowned historian, claims that the idea of exceptionalism in America did not occur because of power that America had. According to his view, America started from a very humble background. He claimed the history of America is very ironic as compared to that of the Europe. He claims that America had no great lords who possess everything, no great manufacturers employing thousands, and no great refinements of luxury. Principally, according to Hector, America did not had the kind of power it possess in the present time. However, because of its spirit of industry and work, America began to expand and grow economically, socially and other aspects of life began improving. According to hector, the phenomenon of exceptionalism came about due to the ability of America to accept the emigrants from other countries. Their elusively commercial habit s seem to divert the pursuit of science, proximity to Europe, literature, and arts, which allows them to neglect these pursuit without even relapsing into barbarism. American education, wants, and everything about him unites in drawing the native of the United States earthward. Farming was the initial economic activity that enabled most of the Americans to develop (Holland 63). Franklin is another great historian who made great effort towards finding out the source or history of exceptionalism. Most of his arguments were because the increase in the population of America is one of the main reasons making an American exceptionalism. He attributed the concept of exceptionalism to the fact that plenty of cheap land encourages people to have children and hence enhances the population of people. Franklin summarizes his argument by concluding that employment and better crop production techniques were some of the main factors that made America reach the current level (Ignatieff 13). He furt her states that there were extra foods that could b used to feed Americans and hence resulting in a strong nation that can rely on its own. Idea of diversification is also another element of exceptionalism. Franklin argues that prospect of good subsistence is another factor that played a role in making America an exceptional state as far as power is concerned. It is clear that most of the arguments made by Franklin are inclined to the means of earning a living. This means that the ability to provide for the children and the family is directly proportional to the power of the America. This is justified by the quote he made that state that America would not improve unless the new comers are more industrious and have mid frugality than the native. This statement means the main source of power in America is the hard work and industrious nature of the American. Unlike Hector, Franklin believed that increase in population compounded by hard work is the main source of exceptionalism (Holla nd 53). Drummer, another historian claims that the principle of exceptionalism can be traced back to the time of charter colonies. the reason why drummer fought for the charter colonies to remain is the fact that this colonies were from New England, which despite the fact that it didn’t produce sugar, it helps other islands that do, and without their assistance they could not make it to produce sufficient quantities and cheap enough to answer the markets in Europe. They was

M7A2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

M7A2 - Assignment Example For instance, the researcher may influence the results of the study by selecting one group of employees or from his favourite profession for the stress at work research, and in so doing will skew the research findings to this group or profession ignoring the other professions who still face stress at work. In order to avoid this bias the research will employ random selection of the employees sample to be interviewed for my stress at work-places research. Voice The researchers’ voice in qualitative researches is evident mostly in the interview questions of the study and he should be wary of biased or skewed results. Therefore, the researcher should always develop his questions in a neutral manner to avoid their voice hampering the research findings and results as well. In my research, I will hire the services of professionals and my friends to review my interview questions for biasness to eliminate any chance of my voice altering research findings. Conclusion Therefore, researc hers in order to gain credibility of their research they should be wary of their voice and reflexivity influencing research findings. ... In this regard, employees are bound to balance work place demands as well as stresses that originate outside the work place. Today, most of the employees through their unions have considered going to court to fight for the improvement of their working environment, which they claim to be very stressful. According to Ross and Altmaier (2007), there are many bodies that have been formed by the authorities to scale down the stress rendered to the employees at the work place. These are stresses that are brought about by the inattention of the employer to provide a conducive atmosphere for the employees. Similar to any life challenge, stress has become one of the life challenges that need to be contained and controlled; in this case, there are some proposed ways of managing stress at the work place. Employees are advised to consider that they need to take personal responsibility by improving on their emotional and physical well-being. There is also the option of communication skills improv ement with co-workers and the management. Finally, one should avoid certain pitfalls by identifying those knee jerk habits and the attitudes aggravate the level of stress (Stranks, 2005). The researcher seeks to understand the percentage of employees in the work place who have a feeling that they are working in a stressful environment and the source of the stress whether from or outside the work place. Qualitative Methodology: Grounded Theory Method In the research to follow, the qualitative tradition used is the grounded theory, whereby the normal research processes is reversed. Instead of the hypothesis being developed before the actual data is collected, inductive and deductive reasoning is

Business decision making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business decision making - Assignment Example For example, a guy in my group would go for a girl or select a girlfriend based on personal satisfaction that he likes or loves her. This decision is based solely on the personal satisfaction of the individual without consideration of outside factors such as parents, teachers or even friends. That even if such outside factor will discourage or disagree with such decision, individuals in my group would still decide based on their own personal satisfaction. The individuals of my group also considers their values and the values of the group in decision making. Often, when they are not sure what to do or which option to decide upon, they would use their own value or ethical system as a moral guide to arrive at a â€Å"correct† decision. The decision process also involves the consideration of the value system of the larger group. This consideration of the value system of the larger group is to maintain the harmony and good relationship of individuals in the group. For example, when there are two members of the group who are involved in conflict, individuals in my group would do the â€Å"right thing† of not blaming who is wrong between the two. That instead of blaming or ostracizing the one who is wrong, individuals in my group would instead mediate so that the friendship and harmony of the group will remain intact. There will be people in my group who would talk to each conflicting party with the end of resolving the issue so that our friendship will remain strong and will not be affected by the conflict. Individuals in my group are no different from the other groups when they approach decision making in complex situation where not all information are available. They tend to rely on proven solution based on their experience and knowledge and would ignore other options or alternative that could be feasible but not tested by their experience. This is called heuristics in decision making where individuals will just focus on an aspect of a

Management Leadership Across Cultures Leadership Business Essays

Management Leadership Across Cultures Leadership Business Essays In this Tourism and Hospitality module the topic given to me is Management Leadership Across cultures. In todays increasingly competitive business environment the international nature of hospitality and tourism industry requires those managers who are fully aware of many different problems relating to leadership. They really need the knowledge and skills important to lead and motivate workforce across many different cultural backgrounds, and respond to the needs and expectations of culturally diverse guests. This issue is one of the great important and very relevant to effective management of organization in a critical understanding oh the range of issues associated with management and leadership across culture. This report covers the learning outcomes 1,2 and 3- weighting 100%. Learning outcome and main aim of this study is to evaluate the (1) critically evaluate theories of leadership Motivation. (2) Critically evaluates theories relating to managing cultural diversity. (3) Compare and contrast the styles of leadership and appropriate motivation techniques across different cultures. Using the right methodology and research work this report will cover the issues raised by the research queries. 1 Introduction With the passage of time the globalization and internationalization growing at faster pace, only few successful organizations can now survive without understanding the need to work across cultures. Even if businesses or organizations are not working outside the country or with foreign persons, it would be a challenge to identify better opportunities single cultural workforce. With the help of cross-cultural business surroundings comes a need for people to be aware of how culture influences the organization. It is disappointing, as many quickly discover, the rest of the world does not do things like we do. Cultural diversity really affects the every field of organization, and no one can overlook the cultural differences. The cause of event is the leadership challenge is very hard to achieve. the Leaders of new era should have the ability to managing people of different cultures; the leaders must have the ability to listen every one and should understand the actual meaning of diversified cultural coworkers. This is the main and the core challenge which a leader faces; when people perceive the world, communicate and view their leaders in different ways, the leaders ears may be ringing with misunderstood messages. 1.1 The Leader The superior leader gets things done with very little motion. He imparts instruction not through many words but through a few deeds. He keeps informed about everything but interferes hardly at all. He is a catalyst, and though things would not get done well if he werentt there, when they succeed he takes no credit. And because he takes no credit, credit never leaves him. Lao Tse, Tao Te Ching 1Great Man Theories: Great Man theories assume that the capacity for leadership is inherent that great leaders are born not made. 2. Trait Theories: Trait theories often identify particular personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. 3. Behavioral Theories: Behavioral theories of leadership are based upon the belief that great leaders are made, not born. Rooted in behaviorism, this leadership theory focuses on the actions of leaders not on mental qualities or internal states. 3. Contingency or Situational Theories: Contingency theories of leadership focus on particular variables related to the environment that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation. 4. Participative Theories: Participative leadership theories suggest that the ideal leadership style is one that takes the input of others into account. Theories of Motivation 1.Abraham Maslows Need Hierarchy Theory: One of the most widely mentioned theories of motivation is the hierarchy of needs theory put forth by psychologist Abraham Maslow. Maslow saw human needs in the form of a hierarchy, ascending from the lowest to the highest, and he concluded that when one set of needs is satisfied, this kind of need ceases to be a motivator. As per his theory this needs are : (i) Physiological needs : (ii) Security or Safety needs : (iii) Social needs : (iv) Esteem needs : (v) Need for self-actualization : 2- Theory X and Theory Y of Douglas McGregor : McGregor states that people inside the organization can be managed in two ways. The first is basically negative, which falls under the category X and the other is basically positive, which falls under the category Y. 3-Mayo Theory of Motivation Elton Mayo (1880 1949) believed that workers are not just concerned with money but could be better motivated by having their social needs met whilst at work. 4-Herzberg Theory of Motivation Frederick Herzberg (1923-) had close links with Maslow and believed in a two-factor theory of motivation. He argued that there were certain factors that a business could introduce that would directly motivate employees to work harder (Motivators). However there were also factors that would de-motivate an employee if not present but would not in themselves actually motivate employees to work harder (Hygienefactors) Critically Analysis of leadership Theories 1-Trait Theory: The Trait Approach came from the Great Man theory as a way of identifying the key characteristics of successful leaders. It was believed that through this approach critical leadership traits could be isolated and that people with such traits could then be recruited, selected, and installed into leadership positions. This approach was common in the military and is still used as a set of criteria to select candidates for commissions. The problem with the trait approach lies in the fact that almost as many traits as studies undertaken were identified. After several years of such research, it became apparent that no consistent traits could be identified. Although some traits were found in a considerable number of studies, the results were generally inconclusive. Some leaders might have possessed certain traits but the absence of them did not necessarily mean that the person was not a leader. 2-The Behavioral Theory The results of the trait studies were in concluded. Traits, amongst other things, were hard to measure. How, for example, do we measure traits such as honesty, integrity, loyalty, or diligence, while in this theory of leadership its very clear that the behavior of the leader is very important, its doesnt matter how intelligent he is or how educated the leader is. its the game of behavior and game of personality. This style of leadership, we can see mostly in south Asian countries or third world countries. And in my view this kind of leadership is based on idealism. 3-The Contingency Theory The behavioral theories can help the managers for developing specific leadership behaviors they give them little guidance as to what constitutes effective leadership in different scenarios. Indeed, I feel that no one leadership style is right for every manager under all circumstances. Instead, contingency-situational theories were developed to indicate that the style to be used is contingent upon such factors as the situation, the people, the task, the organization, and other environmental variables. 4- Participative Theories Participative theory may helps more to the managers rather than other above theories. The positive thing about participative style of leadership is distribute the power among the team members. Thats means the leader transfer and share the power among all the team members. This will help to make better decisions, because every team member will participate in the decision making process. In this case every team member has the importance and that thing motivate and enhance their confidence level. On the other hand if the leader transfer the power to that member who I not capable of doing assigned work than that thing can impact negatively. Critically Analysis of Motivation Theories Abraham Maslows Need Hierarchy Theory Maslows theory is not easy to test because of the nature of the subject involved, the difficulty with defining the plan or intention and only cover partly, for example between love and esteem, or physical and safety needs. Deprivation: The person who is not available in all of the basic needs containing as part of the whole being considered physiological, safety, love, and esteem would likely feel a powerful desire for food above all else. In the Maslow as a witness explain the example of a persisting for a long time or constantly recurring hungry person for whom no other interests exist beyond food: he dreams food, he remembers food, he thinks about food, he emotes only about food, he conscious of only food and he wants only food. Maslow suggested that people who experienced extreme emotional and/or physical the damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society early in life may be permanently destroyed in terms of the social, esteem, and fulfillment of ones talents and potentialities needs. Individuals develop coping mechanisms in the face of ongoing stressors: in the context of chronic deprivation of basic needs, the person may break the connection from the higher needs, since they may seem causes despair out of reach. Adults who were process of moving up the hierarchy of needs as the lower needs become satisfied criticized theories that rest on especially significant details of human behavior under remarkable conditions, Care taken to avoid danger or mistakes against unknown situation from human behavior in emergencies to human behavior in more typical situations. Maslow stated a fact or belief confidently and forcefully that those who attempt to measure the goals of humanki nd based on not involving anyone behavior during extreme physiological deprivation is used to emphasize being blind to many things .it is important to observe human behavior under more normal circumstances in order to develop a generally applicable theory that is not distorted by reaching a high environments. Maslows theory of the hierarchy of human needs make an effort to achieve an account for the experience of the persisting for a long time or constantly recurring hungry and the chronically satisfied within the same model, but the models structure does not allow enough flexibility to account for the extremes of satisfaction and the damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society as well as the normal experiences of the general population. Theory X and Theory Y of Douglas McGregor This lasting legacy of McGregors The Human Side of Enterprise and his Theory X and Y is that it shows how far management thinking has come. Objecting to the dominance of Theory X in the workplace of the time, McGregor noted that if there is a single assumption that pervades conventional organization theory, it is that authority is the central, indispensable means of managerial control. McGregor then put forward an available as another possibility or choice the art of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other. Theory Y was based on the opposite set of assumptions, namely that people need not only to work but want to work. Under Theory Y, the worker finds that mental and physical effort at work are as natural as it is not working or occupied; that belonging to control and threats are not the single means of control in a company; that the average human learn s not only to accept but to attempt to find responsibility; and that most of us have a fully occupying the available area to display a high degree of forming new ideas, and original in sorting out problems. It is true that neither of McGregors two polar opposites are achievable in any organization. Even the most swollen and distended or congested corporate giant has human spirit remain hidden within it, while the most off-beam creative firms require an organization a set of ideas. McGregor recognized this fact and was busy by the terms of a will a hybrid of organizational human try hard to achieve some thing, theory Z, when he died. Mayo Theory of Motivation Mayo theory of motivation has described that treating with people as human is important. The manager Should give them self respect and importance, this is an effective tool for the people who work in an organization. But the negative aspect of this theory is that mayo has forgotten about the basic needs and one of them is money. Only the self respect is not enough other things also matters. In my opinion the mayo theory of motivation is competitively less effective that other theories of motivation. Herzberg Theory of Motivation Herzberg has discussed two factor here in my view Hygiene factors avoid job dissatisfaction, for example the company polices really matters. Are they helpful to the workers, how the administration is working, what leadership style they have? If both company policy and administration is worker friendly than it really helpful to the workers and motivates them, there few other factors which have the importance is supervision, interpersonal relationship, working conditions, salary, status and security. these are the factors if they are shown preferably in the company policies that can really motivate the employees. While in Motivation Factor work condition related to the satisfaction of the need for psychological growth, job enrichment and leads to superior performance effort Motivation-Hygiene Combinations (Motivation = M, Hygiene = H) Managing Cultural Diversity Organizations around the world has been recognizing the cultural diversity within organization is not a contradict aspect, rather can assist an organizational pursue for glory. However it is not an easy task to manage employees with different cultural backgrounds. Nevertheless there are so many policy guidelines that can make a piece of work simplified. On a wide perspective, cultural diversity can be manage through communicating (creating awareness among all employees about diverse values of peers through communication), cultivating (facilitating acknowledgement, support and encouragement of any employee success by all other workers), and capitalizing (linking diversity to every business touch on and strategy such as succession planning, restructuring, employee motivation, performance management and review, and pay back systems) strategies Analysis of Cultural Diversity in UK Top British companies are focusing on the staff with culturally diverse backgrounds as a prospective asset in performance teams. The culturally diverse teams can actually perform better as well as more sense of creativity than teams made up of people with same backgrounds. The many studies showed by psychologists is that the prime creativity of such teams is usually achieved at some expense to performance, while performance from homogeneous teams is usually at the cost of creativity. The survey of 65 companies, from the top 200 British companies, and their attitudes to cultural diversity revealed some regarded as likely to happen results. For example, companies which have a management of diversity policy are not importantly those which have noticeably increased the comparative measurements of their workforce with diverse backgrounds. Their top management is have power and influence over as much by white males (86 per cent) as companies with no diversity policy (87 per cent). But companies with active diversity policies are more likely to have brought in flexible work arrangements help with Chiltern, paternity leave and career breaks. They put a high priority on managing diversity along with other business tasks like Investors in People, business efficiencies and total quality management. And these companies are more engaged in campaigns that advance the induce of minorities. Reasons advanced by companies which do not have a circumstantial policy included: financial (not enough resources); managers not recognizing the importance of diversity as a business issue; some companies seeing no need to focus on being a fair and evenhanded employer, or, in one company, specifically avoiding following especially one that is short-lived . Benefits of Cultural Diversity For producing desired results multi-cultural managed companies have cost effective competitive advantage. It helps in boosting minority friendly reputation among progressive employees. Diverse cultural corporations help to get the best customers which have a variety of people. Diverse group of employees are seems to be more creative and efficient in problem solving as compared to similar group. Ability to manage cultural diversity increases adaptability and flexibility of an organization to environmental changes. Culture and Leadership Since World War II, globalization has been advancing throughout the world. Globalization is the increased interdependence (economic, social, technical, and political) between nations. People are becoming more interconnected. There is more international trade, cultural exchange, and use of worldwide telecommunication systems. In the last 10 years, our schools, organizations, and communities have become far more global than in the past. Increased globalization has created many challenges, including the need to design effective multinational organizations, to identify and select appropriate leaders for these entities, and to manage organizations with culturally diverse employees. Globalization has created a need to understand how cultural differences affect leadership performance. Globalization has also created the need for leaders to become competent in cross-cultural awareness and practice. Differences in Middle Eastern and Western Management Management dimensions Middle Eastern Management Western Management Leadership Highly authoritarian tone, not flexible instructions, too many management directives Less emphasis on leaders personality, considerable weight on leaders style and performance Organizational structure Highly Bureaucratic over centralized, with power and authority at the top, uncertain relationship, unclear and unpredictable organization environment. Less bureaucratic, more delegation of authority, Relatively decentralized structure. Performance evaluation and control Informal control mechanisms, routine checks on performance. lack uncertain performance evaluation system Fairly advanced control systems on cost reduction and organizational effectiveness Personnel Policies Heavy reliance on personal contacts and getting individual form the right social origin to fill major positions Sound personal management policies. Can debates qualification are usually the basis for selection decisions. Styles of leadership and appropriate motivation techniques across different cultures Leadership style influence level of motivation. However, throughout a lifetime, mans motivation is influenced by changing ambitions and/or leadership style he works under or socializes with. Command-and-control leadership drains off ambition while worker responsibility increases ambition. Styles of leadership Vs motivation techniques Leadership Style Motivation Type Motivation is Based on: Personality Type Efficiency Limited supervision Worker with decision making responsibility Self motivated Creativity Leader of ideas or people. Independent Achiever Thrives on change High Team motivated Mixed styles Goal motivated Opportunity Personality type and efficiency depends on leaders skill and/or the work environment hes created. Reward motivated Materialism Recognition motivated Social status High level of supervision Command-and-control Peer motivated To be like others Status quo Dependency Resist change Low Authority motivated Follows policy Threat, fear motivated Reacts to force Self-motivated or visionaries will not admit authority controlled environments. They will find a way to escape if trapped. In a team-motivated environment, dependency types will become inspired and strive to be acceptable with independent thinking coworkers. Associates influence the level of individual motivation. Criteria According to my research and evolution relating to the theories about Leadership, Motivation and cultural diversity is very optimistic. The above said theories are research based and really beneficial for the hotel and tourism industry. Now I will explain what are the things which will help the hotel and tourism industry to grow and flourish. Employees must know the primary aim of the organization. Remove those obstacles which stop employees performing to best effect. Motivate the staff by financial rewards, status, praise and acknowledgment, competition, job security, public recognition, fear, perfectionism, results. Use the participative style of leadership and empowered the employees. Avoid those things which can demotivate the team. Like company has made redundancies, imposed a recruitment freeze or lost a number of key people this will have an effect on motivation. Conduct the survey to check, who is most motivated and why? What lessons can an employee learn from patches of high and low motivation in the company? Its important that company goals and employee goals should be aliened or not. You may find employees are highly motivated but about the wrong priorities. Its important to realize the employees that they feel safe, loyal, valued and taken care of. Ask them what would improve their loyalty and commitment. Involve employees in company development. Its important for the company to match their internal image with its external one. Like Your Company may present itself to the world as the forward thinking technology family hotel chain. Your employees would have been influenced, and their expectations set, to this image when they joined your company. By adding coaching tools and motivation principles to their capabilities we should find the job of leading those around us, and/or helping others to do the same, more of a joyful and rewarding activity. Instead of spending all their time and energy pushing and cajoling (in the belief that your peoples motivation must come from you) you will be able to focus on leading your team, and enabling them to achieve their full potential themselves. About Hyatt Hyatt is a global hospitality company with widely recognized, industry leading brands and a tradition of innovation developed over their more than fifty-year history. Hyatt mission is to provide authentic hospitality by making a difference in the lives of the people they touch every day. Hyatt focus on this mission in pursuit of their goal of becoming the most preferred brand in each segment that they serve for their associates, guests, and owners. Hyatt support their mission and goal by adhering to a set of core values that characterizes their culture. Hyatt manage, franchise, own and develop Hyatt branded hotels, resorts and residential and vacation ownership properties around the world. As of March 31, 2010, the companys worldwide portfolio consisted of 434 properties. Hyatt History Hyatt Hotels Resorts opened its first property, a small motor hotel at the Los Angeles International Airport, in 1957 and its portfolio quickly grew to include several other modest hotels along the West Coast and in Chicago over the next ten years. In 1967, Hyatt opened its first major John Portman designed hotel, Hyatt Regency Atlanta , in Georgia, which featured a space-age design with a dramatic, 21-story atrium lobby. The revolutionary architecture spawned scores of atrium lobbies around the world, effectively changing the course of the lodging industry and reshaping the Hyatt brand as an innovative and significant global hospitality leader . By 1969, 13 Hyatt hotels were in operation throughout the United States. That same year, the company launched Hyatt Regency Hong Kong , establishing Hyatt International Corporation . Over the next ten years, the companys portfolio of hotels began to expand and diversify rapidly, and in 1980 the company introduced the Grand Hyatt and Park Hyatt brands, and also solidified its entry into the luxury resort market with the opening of Hyatt Regency Maui Resort Spa in Hawaii. Hyatt Regency London -The Churchill Hyatt Regency London The Churchill provides a wide range of services guaranteed to satisfy the needs of the most discerning guests. The fully equipped Business Centre provides business Motivational Tools Used by Hyatt Employee motivation is given a very special consideration at Hyatt. The top level management of the hotel believe on the theory of Z(Japanese school of thought)In Hyatt the employees salaries are not as much high so it is because of the motivation which keep the employees enthusiastic and dedicated to their jobs as they are working with their family members. For keep motivating their employees some managers also work with the employees like as they do. We reached in laundry department; the laundry manager was working as like lowest or middle level employees. Related manager Really take much care of every employees family matters and try to help them, because they know that the employee who have problems cant work effectively. In Hyatt they usually give the promotion from within organization relating to the employees previous performance. Promotions are confer on the performance basis. This performance base motivates employees to work hard and achieve the goals, which are very objecti ve and are conscious of achievable by most of the employees. Managers play an important role in motivating employees as they give them the in time feedback about their daily official work. They also help them for solving different problems, which can be job related or professional life problems. Working environment and challenging targets are a major factor in employee motivation at Hyatt. The hotel has reward system which includes monetary awards such as, Employee of the Month award Employee of the Year Award TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT At Hyatt on the job training is given the utmost importance Hyatt have a performance evaluation system. They evaluate employees jobs, personalities and performance. Job are evaluated by their immediate managers and counter signed by the senior management. They also identify lacking after discussion with the relevant employee. On the basis of evaluation they identify the areas where the employees are lacking behind and they suggest recommendation for training. They use a performance appraisal form and use a different dimensions for evaluate performance. As they are the market leader so we need to have skilled and well trained staff. Their every waiter or room server knows the a bit Asian languages because their most of the guest are from foreigners. They believe in cross culture. COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS Benefits: They have a regular analysis system and a performance appraisal method. For this they have committees who meet once in a month to discuss the performance of all the employees. They have performance appraisal method which we conduct 2 times annually for the new employee and annually for the old one and give them increment and benefits.  ¨ Bonuses  ¨ Annual Increments Rules and Regulation Policies Pays: Payday is last day of every month. Overtime is double the hourly rate of pay WORK SCHEDULE 9 work hours in one shift One day off during the week BRTESKS AND MEAL PERIODS 1 meal and 2 tea breaks in one shift 30 min for lunch/dinner. 15 min for each tea/breakfast Meals in staff cafeteria only. LEAVE Casual(Maximum 3) Sick(Medical certificate for 3 or more) Earned(Minimum 7) EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION SURVEY Hyatt Hotel conducts an Employee Satisfaction survey on annual basis. The Survey targets permanent employees of Hyatt with a view to determine their current satisfaction level on various categories. This survey mainly focuses on the following objectives: To measure, learn and improve the organization performance To ensure that the employees are moving in the right direction in order to fit in the future To listen and build upon the feedback from all employees To ensure that we are creating a successful working environment in which innovation can thrive Commitment of the top management to follow up on the employee satisfaction level This year the survey result is more than 80% satisfaction level. Hyatt conducted this survey with the help of a private firm. The top management of Hyatt feels that it is important that they keep the employees motivated and take initiatives to increase their satisfaction level Leadership at Hyatt LEADERSHIP STYLE The Hyatt general manager of the company is at the topmost position in the organizational hierarchy; Even though he is not directly involved in its operations he is responsible for taking major company decisions regarding the policy and Operations. Departmental managers are responsible for leading and controlling their subordinates. These leaders focus on their respective fields. Increasing their employees efficiency Empowerment Resolving Conflict Providing facilities Managers motivate minimum-wage employees Directing them to right way Motivation At Hyatt encouraging the employees to give new ideas so as to increase the customer satisfaction. In Hyatt there is a high degree of delegation and participation so they believe that the leadership style used in all the departments of Hyatt is democratic. Subordinates are given a fair treatment and are dealt in a very good manner so as to give them a feeling that you are not only an employee but also a member of the family. The managers at Hyatt are very supportive as they treat subordinates as equals, and have a highly open communication system. They are participative since they encourage the involvement of the employees in decision-making and make use of group discussions. However, some monetary and non-monetary rewards are used to create a high involvement from the employees especially at the lower level. THESE ARE SOME THINGS WHICH CAN BE DON

Proof Of The Exsistence of God :: essays research papers

Proof Of The Exsistence of God Either God exists or He doesn't. There is no middle ground. Any attempt to remain neutral in relation to God's existence is automatically synonymous with unbelief. It is far from a "moot" question, for if God does exist, then nothing else really matters; if He does not exist, then nothing really matters at all. If He does exist, then there is an eternal heaven to be gained (Hebrews 11:16) and an eternal Hell to be avoided (Revelation 21:8). The question for God's existence is an extremely important one. One might wonder why it is necessary to present evidence for the existence of God. As Edward Thomson so beautifully stated it: "...the doctrine of the one living and true God, Creator, Preserver, and Benefactor of the universe, as it solves so many problems, resolves so many doubts, banishes so many fears, inspires so many hopes, gives such sublimity to all things, and such spring to all noble powers, we might presume would, as soon as it was announced, be received by e very healthy mind." Some, however, contrary to their higher interests, have refused to have God in their knowledge and thus have become vain in their reasonings and foolish in their philosophy (Romans 1:21,22,28). They do not see the folly (Psalm 14:1) of saying there is no God. The Christian has not only the obligation to "give answer to every man that asketh you a reason concerning the hope that is in you..." (I Peter 3:15), but an obligation to carry the Gospel message to a lost and dying world (Mark 16:15-16, et al.). There will be times when carrying the Gospel message to the world will entail setting forth the case for the existence of God. In addition, we need to remember that Christians are not agnostics. The agnostic is the person who says that God's existence is unknowable. As difficult as it is to believe, some Christians take that same stance in regard to God's existence. They assert that they "believe" there is a God, but that they cannot know i t. They state that God's existence cannot be proved. `This is false!' God's existence is both `knowable' and `provable.' Acceptance of God's existence is not some "blind leap into the dark" as so many have erroneously asserted. The Christian's faith is not a purely emotional, subjective "leap," but instead is a `firm conviction' regarding facts based upon reasonable evidence. Proof Of The Exsistence of God :: essays research papers Proof Of The Exsistence of God Either God exists or He doesn't. There is no middle ground. Any attempt to remain neutral in relation to God's existence is automatically synonymous with unbelief. It is far from a "moot" question, for if God does exist, then nothing else really matters; if He does not exist, then nothing really matters at all. If He does exist, then there is an eternal heaven to be gained (Hebrews 11:16) and an eternal Hell to be avoided (Revelation 21:8). The question for God's existence is an extremely important one. One might wonder why it is necessary to present evidence for the existence of God. As Edward Thomson so beautifully stated it: "...the doctrine of the one living and true God, Creator, Preserver, and Benefactor of the universe, as it solves so many problems, resolves so many doubts, banishes so many fears, inspires so many hopes, gives such sublimity to all things, and such spring to all noble powers, we might presume would, as soon as it was announced, be received by e very healthy mind." Some, however, contrary to their higher interests, have refused to have God in their knowledge and thus have become vain in their reasonings and foolish in their philosophy (Romans 1:21,22,28). They do not see the folly (Psalm 14:1) of saying there is no God. The Christian has not only the obligation to "give answer to every man that asketh you a reason concerning the hope that is in you..." (I Peter 3:15), but an obligation to carry the Gospel message to a lost and dying world (Mark 16:15-16, et al.). There will be times when carrying the Gospel message to the world will entail setting forth the case for the existence of God. In addition, we need to remember that Christians are not agnostics. The agnostic is the person who says that God's existence is unknowable. As difficult as it is to believe, some Christians take that same stance in regard to God's existence. They assert that they "believe" there is a God, but that they cannot know i t. They state that God's existence cannot be proved. `This is false!' God's existence is both `knowable' and `provable.' Acceptance of God's existence is not some "blind leap into the dark" as so many have erroneously asserted. The Christian's faith is not a purely emotional, subjective "leap," but instead is a `firm conviction' regarding facts based upon reasonable evidence.

Summary of the Supply Chain for Iphone in China

Summary of Supply Chain for iPhone Highlights Costs in China David Barboza states that for nearly years, the cost of the supply chain for iPhone in China has increased significantly. However, the labor cost is still remaining unchanged, which is relatively low. This often takes place in the Southern China, where workers are paid less than a dollar an hour in the production process of this high-end product. The company spends only 7 percents of the total cost on paying labors that involved in the final assembly while the remaining parts are spent mostly on the other components involved in the supply chain, such as microchips. Due to the higher costs in the supply chain, Apple has to squeeze more costs out of the system as Jenny Lai has mentioned in the article. In order to cut down the cost, the company planned to relocate the factories and workers to other parts of China, where the cost for labor and raw materials is cheaper; the strengthening Chinese currency makes exports more expensive, as well as the high inflation rate and housing cost, hence the cost of making devices increased. According to the analysts, the manufacturers with low-margin profit are unflavored for Apple to contract with. Meanwhile, owing to the comments made by Professor Jason Dedrick, the world of contract manufacturers is unfair to the workers in the fact that they have to work under great pressure with a low wage and insufficient rest. Therefore, since 2005, the underpaid workers started pressing the pressure to the company by acquiring a raised wage. However, Foxconn, one of the Apple’s major manufacturers is considering moving inland. It is because this can help to maintain a lower wage and cheaper source of raw materials for the production of iPhone. Many analysts are optimistic in finding new innovations to improve profitability in relative to the high cost in the supply chain. Yet, the ways they used is to pressurize the workers to work in an inhuman system. Therefore, Mr. Wang at iSuppli Research has concluded that the labor-intensive model is not sustainable in China. To conclude, this type of low-end assembly work doesn’t produce big returns for iPhone in China. Due to the fact that China doesn’t want to work for other countries, it would like to attain its real value which knowledge can be found.

The Deadly Bubonic Plague essays

The Deadly Bubonic Plague essays The bubonic plague got its name because of the symptoms of the disease. Bubonic plague causes very painful, swollen lymph nodes called buboes. These swollen lymph nodes are mostly found first in the groin area, which is "boubon" in Latin. The disease became associated with the term "plague" because of the large amount of deaths through history. In medieval times, the plague was also known as the "Black Death" because the dried blood under the skin turns black. The plague can infect pretty much anyone. If you go around someone who's infected, you can get it. If you hang around rats and fleas a lot, you might get the disease. And if you work in a lab with diseases and you ingest a sample of the bacterium, you'll probably get it. If you travel a lot to countries with infected people and you don't take the proper precautions, you might get it. There are many ways to get the bubonic plague, but with modern technology, it can be prevented. But, if by some freak accident, you do get the plague, it can be easily treated. The plague is not age, gender, or race specific. An old, black woman could get it as could a newborn white boy. When the bacterium, Yersinia pestis, enters the bloodstream, it travels to the liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, and brain. The incubation period is usually two to six days after exposure. Some early symptoms include shivering, vomiting, headache, giddiness, intolerance to light, back and limb pain, and a white coating on the tongue. Eventually, pain occurs in places that contain lymph nodes, including the groin, armpit, and neck. Later, there is painful swelling of the lymph nodes called "boboes", hard lumps that appear in the inner thigh, neck, and armpit. Blood vessels then break, causing internal bleeding. Soon, the dried blood begins to turn black. If it goes untreated, plague mortality can be up to 75%. Once a person is infected and recovers, they become immune. The bubonic plague is caused by the bacterium...

Abolition of Capital Punishment in California essays

Abolition of Capital Punishment in California essays The Abolition of Capital Punishment in California: A Legal California, and indeed the entire United States, has a lengthy tradition of capital punishment. Since the state's inception in 1850, California has sanctioned the death penalty as means to punish, deter, and, perhaps most significantly, seek retribution for certain offenses. However, in 1972, the United States Supreme Courts Furman v. Georgia decision held the death penalty unconstitutional. Citing the 8th Amendment barring cruel and unusual punishment, the court effectively stuck down all death-penalty statutes throughout the country. This decision had little to do with the moral questions posed by capital punishment; rather it was the manner in which sentences were being arrived at and who was punished that concerned the majority of justices. This decision marked a vital change in law nationwide and forced states to re-evaluate and revise their capital punishment statutes, in an effort to provide less arbitrary and more considerate sentencing. California thus restructured its law to include the two-stage, guilt and penalty phase trial, ushering in the modern era of capital punishment in the state. Current incarnation of the law allows a death sentence to be prescribed for homicide convictions with special circumstances only, and requires that juries consider both mitigating and aggravating circumstances during sentencing. While these revisions have resulted in relatively more just and accurate sentencing, it remains impossible to completely eliminate the human factors that influence and skew such legal decisions. In mind it follows that this possibility raises a higher moral question to Californians: is this a sound and fair manner with which to administer justice? Moreover, does and has capital punishment proven beneficial enough to the people of the state to merit its continued application? ...

International Job Search Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Job Search - Essay Example It is crucial to note that the firm provides feedback and responses to online applications. Coca-Cola embraces creative recruitment strategy that focuses on talent management. These methods have interactive sessions during interviews. Most importantly, the firm has recruiters that traverse the globe, in search of management and production experts. These recruiters are involved in processes that require self-selection (Griffin, 2007). This means that the recruiter carryout the selection and separation processes or stages of the recruitment exercise. Additionally, the firm has arranged group interactions that allow potential candidates to interact and express their feelings. These sessions focus on the evaluation of character, working knowledge and levels of interest. Job Classifications at Coca-Cola The job classifications at Coca-Cola are based on academic and professional qualifications and requirements for the job. These classifications include administrative assistant to the offic er, international customer relations, international company representatives and officer coordinators. The classifications are grouped into productions and human resources. These job classifications are spread out for the regional and international markets (Griffin, 2007, p. 145). The assumptions that can arise from these classifications include academic requirements, social requirements such as age, language and personal background such as place of origin, educational background, family status and criminal records. For instance, an individual may assume that the firm does not consider the criminal records of the job applicants. International Assignment The international assignment is crucial when determining optimal mix of home and host country employees. For instance, the job opening may be present in a distant location such as Malaysia, which leads to the requirement for a person with knowledge concerning this region. The firm will look for a host country employee because the pers on understands the culture and economics of the host country (Griffin, 2007). The Culture and Language Preparedness of the Employee These are also crucial because in case the employee is not prepared in terms of culture and language, then he is not fit for the job. It is crucial to acknowledge that language is a crucial factor because it determines communication. Culture is crucial because it influences communication and interactions (Ireland, Hoskisson & Hitt, 2007, p. 416). The employee should be, culturally, and linguistically prepared for the job. This influences the mix because the firm must seek for an individual with the background of the host nation. The Length of the Assignment In this case, the firm can give the job to a home employee because this does not depend on cultural or linguistic aspects. Additionally, the firm can give this position to a host country employee, which will be logical in terms of stability, settlement and travel expenses. For instance, in case the j ob is located, in South America, it is logical to give the job to a South American (Ireland, Hoskisson & Hitt, 2007, p. 437). However, the firm can also give the job to an American. Giving the job to a South American facilitates operational stability because issues such as the discontinuation of work because of travel will not affect the operations. The Host and Home Country Recruitment and Selection Practices These are crucial for consideration because

Multilingualism or English Only Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multilingualism or English Only - Essay Example Multilingualism  is defined as the description of the possibilities of one person to function in different linguistic environments. However, the term â€Å"multilingualism† is widely applied to describe the relations between the communities in the limits of separate states or regions as well as on the level of international relations. In the given case this term is used to describe the ethnically and culturally heterogenous societies, which include different languages as well as traditions of tolerance and acceptance of other cultures and peoples. Here we meet the term â€Å"language diversity† that is defined as â€Å"‘range of variations exhibited by human languages† (Gorter et al 3). In the United States we can see many languages, which have different degree of spread and different status. The population of the USA now amounts to 300 thousand people not including the great number of illegal immigrants. America remains the most attractive country to mov e to for many immigrants, and the government of the United States can’t struggle with it. However, the great number of immigrants represents a threat for culture and language. The English language is still dominating as brought by colonizers centuries ago. In 2000 it was native for 82% of population. However, the situation is changing every day as the country does not have an official language. The majority of states recognized English as official, but some preferred Hawaiian, Spanish and French. The significant number of immigrants preserves their native languages and tries to spread them as much as it is possible. Despite of the strong support of the English language by the government, the number of those, who consider English to be their native language, decreases. The number of people, who speak other languages (Chinese, Russian, Spanish), increases accordingly. 3-4% of population does not know